植物修复对尾矿基质微结构的影响研究

随着我国正在开展的矿山生态修复建设的全面推进,对于受损矿山的修复效果微观评价受到关注。以歪头山铁矿尾矿库生态退化区为例,针对以优势种灌木植物(沙棘)修复前后的尾矿基质进行微观检测,借助MATLAB软件对XRD和SEM的分析结果进一步分析。结果表明,尾矿基质所含矿物的主要成分是石英和方解石,其余矿物组成为铁闪石、赤铁矿、黄铜矿、磁铁矿和黄铁矿,随着植物栽植时间的增长,尾矿基质所含矿物成分不变,各矿物组分含量均有所增加;修复后的尾矿基质评价指标相较修复前有不同程度的增加或减小,其中,R0.25达到47%,MWD为0.42,GMD为0.29,孔隙比达到0.93,分形维数达到2.89,说明尾矿基质的土壤孔隙疏密有致而且结构趋于稳定,土壤更肥沃并且地基承载力有所增强,可见植物修复对尾矿库基质微结构有重要影响,利用沙棘可以修复受损的尾矿库土壤基质。

With the comprehensive advancement of the mine ecological restoration and construction in China,micro-evaluation of the repair effect of damaged mines has attracted attention.Taking the ecological degradation zone of the tailings pond of Waitoushan Iron Mine as an example,the microscopic detection and analysis were carried out for the tailings substrate before and after the restoration by dominant species of shrub plants(sea buckthorn),the analysis results of XRD and SEM were further analyzed by MATLAB software.The results show that the main components of the minerals contained in the tailings substrate are quartz and calcite,and the remaining minerals are iron amphibole,hematite,chalcopyrite,magnetite and pyrite.With the growth of planting time,the mineral composition of the tailings substrate is unchanged,and the content of each mineral component is increased.The repaired tailings substrate evaluation index has increased or decreased to some extents compared with that before the restoration,among which:R0.25 of it reaches 47%,MWD is 0.42,GMD is 0.29,the void ratio is 0.93,and the fractal dimension is 2.89,which indicates that the soil pores of the tailings substrate are dense and the structure tends to be stable,the soil is more fertile and the bearing capacity of the foundation is enhanced.It can be seen that phytoremediation has an important influence on the tailings substrate microstructure.The use of sea buckthorn can repair the damaged soil substrate of tailings pond.