世行营商环境调查背景下的中国动产担保交易法

Security Transaction Law in China against the Background of World Bank Doing Business Survey

世界银行营商环境调查中的"获得信贷--合法权利保护力度指数",用于考察一国动产担保交易法是否有利于企业融资。本指标中国连续六年只得4分(满分12分)。世行鼓励的动产担保法代表着该领域的国际趋势。对照世行"获得信贷便利度"指标,中国在动产担保交易领域的法律状况存在很大的改进空间。中国动产担保交易法应顺应国际趋势,进行一系列的改革措施。在此领域,民法典草案虽然向功能主义迈进了一步,但还不充分,未来需要通过立法以及法律解释对此进一步完善。现行法下担保权益延伸的规则存在较大缺陷,应扩大担保标的物上代位的范围,完善担保物被转卖、被混合、附合和加工场合的担保权益延伸规则。中国应将动产担保登记机构统一化,并应准许动产担保权益的私人执行以及放开流担保。

The index of "Getting Credit-Legal Rights" under the World Bank Doing Business survey examines whether a country’s security transaction law is conductive to corporate finance. China has scored only 4 points(out of 12 points) in this index for the sixth consecutive year. The security transaction law encouraged by the World Bank represents the international trend in this field. Comparing the index of "Getting Credit-Legal Rights", the security transaction law in China still has much room for improvement. China should comply with international trends and carry out a series of reform measures. Although in this field the draft civil code has taken a step towards functionalism, it is not sufficient. It will need to be further improved by legislation and legal interpretation in the future. Under the current Chinese law, there are major flaws in the rules for extending security interests to proceeds. The proceeds that the security interest can be extended to should be expanded, and the rules for extending security interests in case of resale and commingled proceeds should be improved. China should unify the registration agency for securities in personal property. Private execution of security interests in personal property and pactum commissorium should be permitted.