隐喻的变貌——《洗澡》与《管锥编》的互文研究

Transformations of Metaphor——An Intertextual Study of the Works of "XI Zao" and "Guan zhui pian"

《洗澡》是杨绛创作的一部反映“三反”运动时期的知识分子面貌的小说,《管锥编》则是钱锺书在文革期间构思、写作,文革之后出版的一部学术巨著。两部著作类别不同,却有一些共性。有一点特别值得注意:《管锥编》论及中外文献中的大量隐喻,其中不少在《洗澡》中都曾涉及。这些隐喻包括:洗濯喻、眼睛喻、疾病喻等。《管锥编》中论及的隐喻大多取自经典,其基调是高贵的,《洗澡》中的同类喻例则大多取自现实生活,其基调是卑贱的、扭曲的。通过对两人大致同期构思、创作的《管锥编》和《洗澡》的互文式的阅读,可以揭示这两部作品的意义的多层次性。

"Xizao"(Bathing),a novel by Yang Jiang,is about the activities and mentalities of intellectuals during the"Sanfan"(Three Cons)period,while"Guanzhuipian"(Limited Observations),an academic masterpiece by Qian Zhongshu,was created during the"Cultural Revolution"period and published afterwards.Different in genres,they have a lot in common.One worthy of special attention is that many metaphors from Chinese and western literature cited in"Limited Observations"are also cited in"Bathing",such as"heart-washing","eye",and"disease",to cite just a few.Most of the instances in"Limited Observations"are taken from great canonical works and therefore sound noble,while those in"Bathing"are for the most part taken from everyday life and therefore sound low and distorted.Thus,the multilayeredness of meanings in the two works can be revealed by an intertextual analysis.