全球气候危机话语的架构理论透视——以中美领导人的气候议题演讲为例

A discourse analysis of global climate crisis from the perspective of framing theory——Exemplified by Chinese and U.S. leaders’ speeches on climate issues

本文以中美领导人在巴黎气候峰会上的演讲为例,运用架构理论阐释官方在应对气候危机时经常使用的表层架构和深层架构,探讨官方话语如何基于受众心理和情感对架构进行选择、重组和凸显,以实现其劝导功能,达到危机处理的最佳传播效果。研究发现,中美主要使用了旅程、舞台、机体等隐喻性架构和合作、信念、和谐、机会等非隐喻性架构。美国政府侧重于经济和环保兼顾,以提高本国就业机会;而中国政府凸显环保过程中各国之间的合作、包容和共赢。其共性在于:架构的选择与各自的价值观契合,有助于说服受众理解和支持政府。

Taking Chinese and U.S. political leaders’ speeches on Paris Climate Summit as an example, this paper interprets the surface frames and deep frames that are often used by the governments as response to climate crisis in terms of Framing Theory. It explores how the frames are selected, recombined and highlighted on the basis of audiences’ psychological and emotional needs in official discourses in order to achieve the optimal communicative effects in crisis dealing. It is found that the main metaphorical frames in two speeches include JOURNEY, STAGE and BODY. The main non-metaphorical frames are COOPERATION, FAITH, HARMONY, etc. The U.S. government stresses the concerted relationship between economy and environment to increase the domestic employment opportunities, while Chinese government focuses more on international cooperation, inclusiveness, and win-win in environmental protection process. The frames that the U.S. government and Chinese government choose correspond to their respective values, which contributes to persuading the audience and winning the supports.