间充质干细胞外泌体作为药物递送载体的研究进展

Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes as Drug Delivery Vector

外泌体是一类直径在40~100 nm的细胞分泌囊泡,可由多种细胞类型产生,存在于大多数体液中。作为天然的纳米级囊泡,外泌体具有毒性小、免疫原性低、靶向归巢能力强和可包载的物质种类多等特点,促使其成为有潜力的药物递送载体。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)可分泌产生大量的外泌体,是外泌体的理想来源。MSCs外泌体具有与MSCs相似的再生和组织修复功能,而且能够规避MSCs移植带来的免疫排斥、感染等风险,有望成为MSCs生物学功能的有效替代物。笔者对MSCs来源的外泌体作为药物递送载体及其在疾病中的应用进展进行综述,以期为外泌体在药物递送中的研究提供思路和借鉴。

Exosomes are a class of secretory vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm,which can be produced by a variety of cell types and are present in most body fluids.As natural nano-sized vesicles,exosomes have the characteristics of low toxicity,low immunogenicity,strong ability to target homing and multi-drug loading,which make them have the potential as drug delivery vehicles.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)can secrete a large number of exosomes,therefore they can be used as an ideal source of exosomes.MSCs-derived exosomes not only have the functions of regeneration and tissue repair similar to MSCs,but also can reduce the risk of immunological rejection and infection caused by MSCs transplantation,which are expected to be an effective substitute for the biological functions of MSCs.This article reviews the research progress of MSCs-derived exosomes as drug delivery vectors and their application in diseases,providing ideas and references for the study of MSCs-derived exosomes in drug delivery.