大学生的共情、道德认同和利他倾向的关联

Association among empathy,moral identity and altruistic tendency in college students

目的:了解大学生的共情、道德认同和利他倾向的关系。方法:选取320名大学生,用人际反应指针量表测评认知共情和情感共情,用道德认同问卷测评道德认同的内化和符号化,用最后通牒博弈测查利他倾向。结果:情感共情得分正向预测大学生的利他倾向(β=0.50,P<0.05)。内化因子(β=0.15,P<0.01)和符号化因子(β=-0.19,P<0.001)在认知共情得分与利他倾向的关联中发挥调节作用。对认知共情低的大学生而言,内化[(55.8±2.8)vs.(49.7±1.91),P<0.05]和符号化[(56.1±2.3)vs.(49.3±2.2),P<0.001]较高其分享数量也较高;对认知共情高的大学生而言,符号化较低的大学生的分享数量高于较高的大学生[(51.6±2.7)vs.(47.7±1.8),P<0.01]。结论:大学生的情感共情与利他倾向正向关联,认知共情与利他倾向的关联受道德认同的调节。

Objective:To understand the association among empathy,moral identity and altruistic tendency in college students.Methods:Totally 320 college students were selected.The Interpersonal Response Index Scale and Moral Identity Questionnaire were used to test cognitive empathy,affective empathy and moral identity(including internalization and symbolization).The ultimatum game was used to test the altruistic tendency.Results:The scores of emotional empathy could positively predict college students'altruistic tendency(β=0.50,P<0.05).The prediction of cognitive empathy scores on altruistic tendencies was regulated by internalization(β=0.15,P<0.01)as well as symbolization(β=-0.19,P<0.001)in Moral Identity Questionnaire.For college students with lower level of cognitive empathy,students with higher level of internalization or symbolization shared significantly more than students with lower level of internalization[(55.8±2.8)vs.(49.7±1.9),P<0.05]or symbolization[(56.1±2.3)vs.(49.3±2.2),P<0.001].For college students with higher level of cognitive empathy,students with higher level of symbolization shared significantly less than students with lower level of symbolization[(51.6±2.7)vs.(47.7±1.8),P<0.01].Conclusion:It suggests that college students'affective empathy is positively associated with altruistic tendency.The association between cognitive empathy and altruistic tendency may be moderated by moral identity.