意会:不可言传的整合力量——波兰尼《个人知识》解读

Tacit Knowing: an Unspeakable Force of Integration——Interpretation of Michael Polanyi’s Personal Knowledge

在波兰尼看来,西方传统教育体制过多地强调了可言传的知识-概念体系,而没有真正关注培养受教育者的不可见的素质和存在能力。人们的实践技能、生活感知和言说阅读活动之所以得以发生,从根基上看,都依存于一种决定性的隐性意会整合力量。这也就是人所独有的综合预期能力,它消解了处于康德先天构架中个人主体的被动地位,表现了反构架的创造性。也正是这种预期能力,让我们不仅能够感知世界,能够理性地理解世界,也能够在现实实践和观念中实际驾驭世界,并且还可以创造性地面对新世界。

In Polanyi’s view,the Western traditional education system has overemphasized the knowledge concept system that can be said,but has not really paid attention to the cultivation of the invisible quality and existence ability of the educated. People’s practical skills,life perception and oral reading activities are all based on a decisive tacit knowing integration force. This is the unique comprehensive expectant ability of human being,which dispels the passive position of individual subject in Kant’s innate framework and shows the creativity of anti-framework. It is this ability of anticipation that enables us not only to perceive the world,to understand the world rationally,but also to control the world in real practice and ideas,and to creatively face the new world.