生活与制度:清中叶东北奉天地区的移民与日常生活(下)

Life and System: Immigrants and Daily Life in Fengtian Area of Northeast China in the Mid-Qing Dynasty(the end)

探讨生活与制度的关系,移民不失为一个比较恰当的研究对象。清中叶奉天地区关内移民,主要是以山东以及山西、直隶的百姓为主,尤以环渤海的山东武定州、登州、莱州移民较多。移民生计主要是佣工、种地、开铺、卖东西,合伙经营、互相帮助不少。移民与土著以及移民彼此之间的刑案,以经济纠纷为主因,如买地、租地、争地,分钱、分粮不均,绝大多数是因为工钱、借钱、赊欠等索欠引发。移民与当地盛行饮酒,也是诸多事件发生的诱因。包括移民在内的居民服装比较体面,冬夏服装都是如此。居住有草房、窝棚等,房子中炕是生活的重要场所。出行除了借宿,还有歇店可以暂住,歇店也是交流信息的场所。奉天移民似乎喜欢身上带着小刀,小刀也往往成为伤人、致死的工具。

To explore the relationship between life and system,immigration is a more appropriate research object.In the mid-Qing Dynasty,the immigrants in Fengtian were mainly from Shandong,Shanxi and Zhili.The main livelihoods of immigrants were domestic workers,farming,selling goods,and they worked in partnership with each other and helped each other a lot.Economic disputes were the main cause of criminal cases between immigrants and the original inhabitants and between immigrants.Immigrants and the prevalence of local drinking were the causes of many incidents.They lived in a hut,shack,etc.There were also temporary stops,which were also places for information exchange.Fengtian immigrants seemed to like to wear knives on their bodies,which were often used as tools to hurt and kill people.