创新驱动消费主导型经济增长的机制和路径

The Mechanism and Path of Innovation Driving Consumption-led Economic Growth

依靠创新驱动,深化供给侧结构性改革,转向高质量消费主导型经济增长方式,是高质量发展阶段中国经济发展的现实选择。高质量发展阶段,中国经济从"数量追赶"转向"质量赶超",从"投资驱动"转向"创新驱动",从"投资主导"转向"消费主导",从"中低端消费"转向"中高端消费",从"制造业主导"转向"服务业主导",从"出口导向"转向"全方位开放型经济"。从现实来看,构建消费主导型经济增长方式仍面临最终消费率和居民消费率长期偏低、中高端消费供需结构矛盾凸显、居民人均可支配收入增速放缓、居民部门杠杆率上升、公共产品和服务供给不足及资源空间错配等诸多困境。因此,在机制和路径上,须促使科技创新、产业创新、市场创新、制度创新和文化创新的深度融合,激发全社会企业家精神,增强生产有效供给能力,培植融入和主导全球的产业链,持续提升居民部门的消费能力,促使跨区域市场一体化发展,深耕公共服务型政府建设,更好地满足居民个性化、多样化、差异化、高品质消费需求。这是培植国家竞争优势的一种战略思维。

It is a realistic choice for China’s economic development at the stage of high-quality development to rely on innovation-driven,deepen supply-side structural reform and turn to high-quality consumption-led economic growth mode.In the stage of high-quality development,China’s economy has changed from"quantity catch-up"to"quality catch-up",from"investment-driven"to"innovation-driven",from"investment-led"to"consumption-led",from"low-end consumption"to"high-end consumption",from"manufacturing-led"to"service-led",and from"export-oriented"to"all-round open economy".From a realistic point of view,the construction of consumption-led economic growth mode still faces many practical difficulties,such as low final consumption rate and resident consumption rate for a long time,prominent contradiction between supply and demand structure of middle and high-end consumption,slow growth of per capita disposable income,rising leverage rate of household debt,insufficient supply of public goods and services and mismatch of resources and space.Therefore,in terms of mechanism and path,we should promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation,industrial innovation,market innovation,institutional innovation and cultural innovation,stimulate the entrepreneurship of the whole society,enhance the effective supply capacity of production,foster and integrate the global industrial chain,improve continuously the consumption capacity of the residential sector,promote the integration of cross-regional markets,deepen the construction of public service-oriented government,and better meet the needs of residents’individualized,diversified,different and high-quality consumption demand.This is a strategy to cultivate national competitive advantage.