贵金属-过渡金属化合物复合纳米材料的界面调控及原子尺度原位表征

Nanomaterials Composed of Noble Metals and Transition Metal Compounds: Interface Structure Control and in-situ Characterization at Atomic Scale

由贵金属纳米晶或单原子与过渡金属化合物(包括氧化物、磷化物、硫化物等)形成的复合纳米材料,在能源、催化、信息等诸多领域有重要的基础研究价值和广泛的应用前景。贵金属与过渡金属化合物间界面结构的尺寸、电子结构和缺陷态分布等对纳米复合材料的性能起决定性作用,从可控合成、原子水平表征、构效关系一体化研究贵金属-过渡金属化合物间的界面结构是推进其在相关领域应用的关键。本文综述了贵金属-过渡金属化合物复合纳米材料界面结构的可控合成和原子水平原位表征。重点介绍了通过原位转换和吸附方法制备界面结构可控的纳米复合材料,以及利用先进的环境气氛透射电子显微镜(ETEM)表征平台结合多种谱学手段,在原子水平研究其界面结构信息和其在模拟使役条件下的演变过程。并结合该领域面临的问题与挑战,展望了贵金属-过渡金属化合物复合纳米材料的发展前景。

Nanomaterials composed of noble metal nanoparticles or single-atoms and transition metal compounds, including metal oxides, phosphides and sulfides, have attracted much attention for their potential applications in the fields of energy, catalysis and information. The size, electronic structure and defect distribution of the interface structure between noble metals and transition metal compounds are key factors affecting their physicochemical properties. It possesses both the fundamental research value and wide application prospect to systematically investigate the fabrication, characterization and structure-property relationship of the interface structure. Controlled synthesis methods and in-situ characterization at the atomic scale of noble metal-transition metal compound composites were summarized in the review. The synthesis methods based on in-situ transformation and adsorption were highlighted. Using the characterization platform, represented by environmental transmission electron microscope(ETEM), the interface structure and the dynamic structure evolution in the working conditions could be characterized at the atomic scale, which were focused on in this review. Finally, the challenges faced in this field were summarized and expectations were given for the future development.