基于生成语法的格理论研究助词省略现象

Research on the Omission of Japanese Auxiliary Words Based on Case Theory in Generative Grammar

在现代日语口语中,助词省略较为普遍。通过对前人研究的梳理,笔者认为这一现象并非"单纯的助词省略",而是句子背后存在着未表现为文字或音声形态的助词,笔者将其命名为"隐身助词",其句子为"隐身助词句"。并运用生成语法的格理论,验证这一假说的合理性,考察"隐身助词"的具体生成条件。最后,基于论元结构理论将其分类为位于域内论元位置和位于域外论元位置的"隐身助词"。通过例句分析发现两者之间没有明确的划分界线,有阶段性的连续关系。

It is quite common to omit auxiliary words in modern oral Japanese.Through intensive research on previous studies,the author makes the point that auxiliary words are not simply or directly omitted.Behind each sentence,there are unwritten or unspoken auxiliary words,which are termed"invisible auxiliary words"by the author.Additionally,the author applies case theory in generative grammar to validate the rationality of this hypothesis and examines the generative conditions of these"invisible auxiliary words"as well.Finally,based upon argument structure,the author categorizes the"invisible auxiliary words"into two different types:one in the internal argument position and the other in the external argument position.After analyzing several sentences,the author finds that there is periodical continuity,but no clear demarcation between these two types of"invisible auxiliary words".