基于大数据的多时间尺度城市旅游流特征研究——以南京市为例

Research on Characteristics of Urban Tourism Flow in Multi-time Scale Based on Big Data:A Case Study of Nanjing

基于南京"智慧旅游"监测平台的大数据,本文分析了"年度季节变化""节假日期间的日变化""时刻变化"不同时间尺度下闲暇日来宁游客的旅游流时间分布特征;引入引力模型和齐夫位序-规模法则,建立不同时间段内来宁城市客流引力位序,全面细化地探究了旅游流的时间特征。研究表明:①南京市年度旅游客流分为旅游旺季、淡季和平季,呈现"峰林结构";②节假日每日旅游客流分布均为单峰型结构,且客流量峰值均出现在假期的中间时段;③节假日实时旅游流量总体上呈现出倒"U"型,每日客流峰值基本上出现在10:00-17:00;④以不同时间段的阻尼系数作为景区吸引力指标,发现闲暇日的长短影响景区吸引力;⑤南京旅游吸引力的客源市场省份等级结构符合齐夫位序-规模法则,是以江苏省为首位客源市场的首位型分布,且为单分形结构。本研究为南京旅游在节假日期间客流量的控制和疏散等方面提供了一定依据。

Based on the big data from monitoring platform "Smart Tourism" in Nanjing,it was analyzed in the paper in multi-time scale that,time distribution characteristic "seasonal change", "daily change during holidays" and "time change" of tourism flow for Nanjing in leisure days.By introducing gravity model and the rule of Zipf s rank-scale,the gravitational order of tourist flow in different periods of time was established,and a comprehensive and detailed study on temporal characteristics of tourist flow was carried out.The research shows:①Tourist flow in Nanjing is annually divided into peak season,off season and peacetime season,with peak forest structure in season.②The daily flow distribution in holidays is single peak structure in shape,and the peak flow appears in the middle of the holidays.③The real-time tourist flow during holidays presents an inverted "U" pattern on the whole,and the peak basically appears between 10:00 and 17:00.④Taking the damping coefficient of different time periods as the attraction index of scenic spots,it is found that the length of leisure days affects the attractiveness of scenic spots.⑤The provincial hierarchical structure of tourist attraction market of Nanjing conforms to the rule of Zipfs rank-scale.It is the first type distribution of tourist attraction market is Jiangsu province and has a single fractal structure.This study provides a basis for the control of passenger flow and evacuation in Nanjing tourism during holidays.