澜沧江流域部分茶区古茶树资源生化成分多样性的分析

Biochemical Evaluation and Analysis of Ancient Tea Tree Resource Diversity in Some Tea Areas of Lancang River Basin

为使云南古茶树种质资源得到更好的保护和利用,本研究以分布在澜沧江流域部分茶区(保山市,德宏州和临沧市)的49份古茶树新梢为研究材料,利用常规方法和HPLC方法测定供试样主要生化成分含量的基础上,并通过主成分分析和聚类分析法,对供试茶样的主要生化成分含量进行生化成分多样性分析。结果表明,从变异系数(c.v.)和多样性指数(H’)可知49份古茶树新梢内含成分变异程度大且多样性丰富。聚类分析表明,供试的49份古茶树资源可聚类为A、B两大类群,两大类群的咖啡碱和酯型儿茶素(EGCG)的含量基本一致,其余生化成分含量之间均存在显著性差异(p≤0.05)。其中,采自保山市的供试样具有高氨基酸含量的特性,德宏州供试样有高咖啡碱含量的特性,大部分供试样的茶多酚含量均达到了高茶多酚含量水平,含量均>30%。本研究对构建云南古茶树资源生化成分数据库,开展茶树良种改良和品种选育具有重要意义,为古茶树的合理开发利用提供了一定的理论依据与科学基础。

In order to make the ancient tea tree germplasm resources in Yunnan province to get better protection and utilization, this study tea as part of distribution in Lancang river valley area(Baoshan city, Dehong autonomous prefecture and Lincang city) 49 of the ancient tea new shoots as the research material, by using the conventional method and HPLC method for determination of tea samples, on the basis of main biochemical component content, application of principal component analysis and cluster analysis method, content of main biochemical components of tea samples and biochemical composition diversity analysis. The results showed that the c.v. and the diversity index(H’) showed that the new shoots of 49 ancient tea trees had great variation and diversity. Through cluster analysis, 49 ancient tea tree resources can be clustered into two groups A and B, the contents of caffeine and EGCG in the two groups are basically the same, and the contents of other biochemical components are significantly different(p≤0.05). Among them, the tea samples from Baoshan city have the characteristics of high amino acid content, while the tea samples from Dehong autonomous prefecture have the characteristics of high caffeine content. The content of tea polyphenols in most of the tea samples has reached the level of high tea polyphenols, with the content of >30%. This study is of great significance to the establishment of the biochemical composition database of ancient tea resources in Yunnan, the improvement of improved tea varieties and the breeding of varieties, and provides a certain theoretical basis and scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of ancient tea trees.