科技标准型环境规制与企业出口动态——基于清洁生产标准的一次自然实验

Science and Technology Standard Regulation and Export Dynamics of Enterprises——A Natural Experiment Based on Cleaner Production Standards

提升技术水平是出口企业应对"绿色壁垒"进而保持国际竞争力的关键。本文运用清洁生产标准,采用自然实验法验证科技标准型环境规制对企业出口的影响,试图明晰技术标准的提升是否影响企业的国际竞争力。以中国工业企业数据库为样本研究了这一问题,结果发现,清洁生产标准实施后,受规制企业出口概率和出口量有所下降,且通过了稳健性检验,说明科技标准型环境规制短期内抑制了企业出口。进一步的机制分析表明,科技标准型环境规制通过"遵循成本"效应提高了企业成本,进而抑制了企业出口;通过"创新补偿"效应提高了企业生产率,从而促进了企业出口;短期内"创新补偿"效应未起主导作用。这一结论具有一定的现实意义,严格的技术标准可能会"倒逼"企业通过提高生产技术水平来维持国际竞争力,核心在于如何充分发挥"创新补偿"效应的作用。

Upgrading the technology level is the key for export enterprises to cope with "green barriers"and maintain competitiveness. This paper used cleaner production standard and natural experiment method to verify the impact of science and technology standard regulation on the export of enterprises,and tried to clarify whether the promotion of technology standard affected the international competitiveness of enterprises. This paper took China Industrial Enterprise Database as a sample to verify this problem. The results show that after the implementation of science and technology standards,the export of regulated enterprises has declined, and passed the robustness test, indicating that the standard-type regulation of science and technology has restrained the exports of enterprises in the short term. Further mechanism analysis shows that the standard regulation of science and technology improves the cost of enterprises by "cost of compliance"effect,and then restrains the exports of enterprises,and improves the productivity of enterprises by Innovation Offsets effect,thereby improving the exports of enterprises. In the short term,the Innovation Offsets effect does not play a leading role. This conclusion has a certain practical significance. Strict technical standards are beneficial for enterprises to maintain their international competitiveness by improving their technical level,and the core lies in how to give full play to the Innovation Offsets effect.