睡虎地汉简中的券与相关文书

The Tallies and Relevant Documents in the Shuihudi Han Slips

云梦睡虎地77号汉墓简牍中,有一批券及相关往来文书。这些简牍或已开裂、残坏,并可能有缺失,编连、收卷的状况也不明朗。虽然如此,由于券与往来文书共存,同一事类往往由多件简牍从不同角度记述,因而对了解当时官府伺养和使用猪、狗、鸡等“小畜”的情形,探讨券和文书制度,具有重要价值。本文拟介绍这些资料并试作初步探讨。

Among the bamboo slips and wooden tablets unearthed from the burial M77 of the Han Dynasty at Shuihudi in Yunmeng,Hubei,a set of tallies and communication documents related to them are found,including 19 tallies and 36 slips and tablets of communication documents.Three of the tallies bore notches suspected to be used for matching.The tallies could be classified into incoming tallies,expensing tallies,checking tallies and paying tallies,four kinds in total;they were bound together with the communication documents and formed scrolls with(bamboo or wood)slips and tablets of uneven lengths,widths and different materials.The same event was noted by many bamboo slips or wooden tablets in various angles,which are very valuable for us to understand the situation of the feeding and using of the“small livestock”such as pigs,dogs and chicken by the official governments and to explore the tally and document systems and the exchanges of the official documents among the offices under the district level at that time.