政府精准致力农村互联网金融普惠的路径分析——基于上海财经大学2017年“千村调查”

Best Path for Governments to Improve Internet Financial Inclusion in China’s Rural Areas: Based on the “Thousand Village Investigation” of SUFE in 2017

文章基于上海财经大学2017年"千村调查",对农村地区互联网金融的使用状况进行了深入的调查分析。文章采用回归分析验证了农村网户的互联网习惯和政府行为对互联网金融普惠的影响,并基于结构方程模型分析了政府在精准致力于农村地区互联网金融普惠过程中应采用的最佳路径。研究表明,农村网户的互联网习惯直接有利于农村地区的互联网金融普惠,其中互联网生活习惯的影响最甚;而政府的各项行为对互联网金融普惠具有间接的正向作用,政府通过改变和引导农村网户的互联网习惯,间接影响农村地区的互联网金融普惠。文章基于结构方程模型的分析结果找出了政府应采用的精准致力路径,即通过改善农村地区的互联网设施、采用更多的互联网宣传方式以及提供监督其工作的互联网渠道,引导农村网户形成适应互联网时代的生活习惯,最终促进互联网金融普惠。

In 2017, the "Thousand Village Investigation" of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics conducted an in-depth investigation and analysis on the use of Internet finance in rural areas. Based on the preliminary results of the investigation and analysis, this paper focuses on government behavior and puts forward hypotheses from the demand side of Internet finance. We suppose that, although government behavior has an impact on the level of rural Internet financial inclusion, it does not have a direct impact, but indirectly plays a role by influencing the Internet habits of peasants.In the empirical analysis of data, firstly, a three indexes system, i.e. the degree of penetration, usage and effectiveness of the imagery for Internet finance inclusion, is set up to measure the level of Internet finance inclusion(IFI). The Internet habits of peasants(Ind) are measured by four indexes and government behavior(Gov) is measured by six indexes. The entropy evaluation method is used to get the weight of each index and measure the three kernel variables finally. The OLS regression model is used to the initial analysis, in which,the explained variable is IFI, and explanatory variables are Ind and Gov. The regression results show that Ind and Gov affect IFI positively. The Structural Equation Model(SEM) is used in the path analysis among three variables. The SEM results show that the direct effect from Gov to IFI is not significant, while it is significant between Gov to Ind and Ind to IFI. That means the effect from Gov to IFI is indirect and through the middle variable of Ind. Path analysis is continued deeply based on the secondary level of indexes, in order to get the best detailed path to improve the development of Internet financial inclusion by governments. In detail, governments should improve the equipment of Internet, adopt more Internet publicity methods, and provide more Internet channels to supervise the work of governments, so as to affect the Internet life habits of peasants, and make them gradually accustomed to the Internet life mode and improve the Internet financial inclusion. This is the three most efficient hands of governments in the process of precisely being committed to the development of rural Internet financial inclusion.In conclusion, we suggest that governments should realize their role clearly in the process of improving the Internet finance inclusion. Supply side and demand side are the main two parties of the Internet financial market. Governments are only the third party outside of the market, which has an indirect effect instead of promoting the supply or demand directly. Everything is nothing if any government is going to intervene the supply or demand of the Internet finance market directly in rural areas. Actually, governments should do harder to train peasants having an Internet life habit. Only when peasants naturally get used to the Internet life and cannot live without Internet, would the Internet finance inclusion in rural areas develop well automatically.