常用肥料对作物重金属积累的影响及其机理研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Common Fertilizers on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Crops and Its Mechanism

我国肥料用量和种类均日益增多,其重金属含量及对作物重金属积累影响复杂,亟待全面开展肥料重金属安全性评价工作。从常见肥料重金属含量、肥料对作物积累重金属的影响及影响机理三方面阐述了肥料重金属安全性评价的研究进展。有机肥和固废堆肥重金属污染问题严重,无机化肥和其他新型肥料中重金属污染问题也不容忽视。肥料一方面可以作为重金属污染源对土壤和作物造成重金属污染,另一方面也可能通过改变土壤中重金属的赋存形态、影响作物根对重金属的吸收和根向地上部分的转运等生化机理而影响作物中重金属含量。在比较了常见肥料中重金属污染特征、生物积累行为及机理基础上,对肥料重金属安全性评价的研究前景进行了展望。

Large quantity and various types of fertilizer in China,with different heavy metal content and complex mechanism on metal accumulation in crops of fertilizer cause an urgency to carry out safety assessment about fertilizer.This paper expounded the research progress of heavy metal safety evaluation of fertilizer from three aspects:heavy metal content of common fertilizer,the influence of fertilizers on the accumulation of heavy metals in crops and its mechanism.Heavy metal pollution in organic fertilizer and solid waste compost was serious,and heavy metal pollution in inorganic fertilizers and other new fertilizers could not be ignored either.On the one hand,fertilizer could cause heavy metal pollution to soil and crops as a pollution source.On the other hand,it could also affect heavy metal content in crops by changing the form of heavy metals in the soil,affecting the absorption of heavy metals by roots and metal-translocation from roots to shoot.Based on the review of heavy metal pollution characteristics,bioaccumulation behavior and bioaccumulation mechanism in common fertilizers,the research prospect about metal-safety assessment of fertilizer was put forward.