基于产值和感官指标的豫中“上六片”烟叶栽培措施优化

Optimization of Tobacco Upper Six Leaves Cultivation Measures in Central Henan Based on Output Value and Sensory Indexes

为建立豫中烟区烤烟"上六片"烟叶的栽培技术指标体系,以烤烟品种‘中烟100’为试验材料,设置施氮量(30~66 kg·hm^-2)、种植密度(13500~18000株·hm^-2)和留叶数(16~22片·株^-1)3个栽培因子,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究3个栽培因子及因子间互作对烤烟上六片烟叶产值和感官指标的影响。单因子效应分析表明,在本试验范围内,上六片烟叶产值随着施氮量、种植密度的增加呈现先增加后降低趋势。感官品质随施氮量的增加逐渐降低,随种植密度和留叶数的增加先增加后降低。双因素交互作用分析表明,施氮量和种植密度的互作对产值、感官品质和香气质影响显著,施氮量和留叶数的互作主要影响香气量。综合单因素和双因素分析结果,对产值和感官指标的数学模型分别进行模拟寻优,结果表明施氮量45.9285~50.1690 kg·hm^-2、种植密度15720~16045株·hm^-2、留叶19~22片·株^-1时,豫中烟区上六片烟叶的产值和感官品质可达最佳,为豫中烟区生产优质上六片烟叶的优化栽培组合。

To establish"shangliupian"flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical index system in central Henan region,this paper took Zhongyan-100 as test material;set 3 cultivation factors including nitrogen application rate as 30~66 kg·hm^-2,planting density as 13500~18000 plant·hm^-2 and residual leaves number as 16~22 piece·plant^-1;adopted L9(34)orthogonal experiment design;and studied the effects of 3 cultivation factors and their interaction on the output value and sensory indexes of upper 6 tobacco leaves.Single factor effect analysis indicated that within the scope of this experiment,the output value of upper 6 leaves showed a trend of single peak curve with the increase of nitrogen application rate and planting density.The sensory score decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and decreased first then increased with the increase of planting density and number of leaves.Two-factor interaction analysis showed that the interaction between nitrogen application rate and planting density had significant effects on the output value,sensory total score and aroma quality score.The interaction between nitrogen application rate and residual leaf numbers mainly affected the aroma amount score.Based on the single factor and two-factor analysis,mathematical models for output value and sensory indexes were used to simulate and optimize the parameters separately.The results showed that when nitrogen application quantity was 45.9285~50.1690 kg·hm^-2,planting density was 15720~16045 plant·hm^-2 and number of residual leaves were 19~22 leaves·plant^-1,respectively,the output value and sensory quality could reach their maximum for upper 6 leaves in central Henan tobacco region.This was the optimized combination for quality upper six leaves in central Henan tobacco region.