从生存到发展:新中国七十年反贫困的实践

From Survival to Development: the Great Practice of New China’s Anti-Poverty in the Past Seven Decades

新中国成立70年以来,中国共产党领导中国人民紧扣国家发展战略需要和社会主要矛盾变化,矢志不渝的开展反贫困斗争,反贫困方式从救济式扶贫到开发式扶贫再到精准扶贫,反贫困的目标从"保生存"到"保生存、促发展"再到"惠民生、促发展",从解决温饱问题到消除绝对贫困,探索出一条符合中国国情的反贫困道路,取得了举世瞩目的成就。总结和回顾新中国70年反贫困实践历程,可以提炼出基本经验:坚持大扶贫格局,不断向贫困人口赋权,不断满足人民需求,不断创新反贫困机制。2020年后,我国反贫困工作从消除绝对贫困走向减缓相对贫困,本文结合新中国反贫困历程和基本经验提出一些展望:结合社会主要矛盾的变化,制定满足人民需求的相对贫困标准;紧扣国家重大发展战略,明确新时代缓解相对贫困的目标;推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接,设计相对贫困治理的制度框架;围绕人民美好生活需求,借鉴以往的反贫困政策,构建减缓相对贫困的政策体系。

In the early days since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in order to serve the strategy of priority to the development of heavy industry,the low level of agricultural production could only maintain the minimum demand of farmers.After the reform and opening up,with the collapse of the strategy of priority to development of heavy industry,the rural economy has grown strongly,and China has basically solved the problem of food and clothing for farmers.In 1986,as the macroeconomic situation slowed down and poverty in special areas became more and more serious,anti-poverty practice has changed from survival to development.By summarizing and reviewing the seventy years of anti-poverty practice,we can extract some valuable experiences:adhere to the pattern of intergraded poverty alleviation,continue to empower the poor,to meet the demand of the peopleand to innovate anti-poverty mechanisms.After 2020,China’s anti-poverty work will move from the elimination of absolute poverty to the alleviation of relative poverty.Based on the anti-poverty process of new Chinain the past seven decades,this article puts forward some prospects.Firstly,it’s imperative to set the standards of relative poverty to meet people’s needs with changes of the social-economic conditions.Secondly,clear goals of alleviating relative poverty should be made in the new era following the national development strategy.Thirdly,it is suggested to promote the effective link between Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization,and design an institutional framework for dealing with relative poverty.Fourthly,it’s important to build a policy system to alleviate relative poverty focusingon the people’s demands for a better life.