能力和机会双轮驱动下农户秸秆还田意愿与行为一致性研究——以湖北省为例

Study on the Consistency of Farmers’ Straw Returning Willingness and Behavior under the Dual Drive of Ability and Opportunity——A Case Study of Hubei Province

农户秸秆还田意愿和采纳行为的不一致性制约着秸秆还田的推广。将农户主观认知和外部条件置于同一个分析框架,构建MOA拓展模型,分析能力和机会的双轮驱动能否促进农户秸秆还田意愿向行为转化,并进一步探讨中国传统文化背景下,不同群体间意愿和行为的关系以及能力和机会对意愿—行为关系的调节作用。研究表明:秸秆还田需求端的堵点在于农户意愿未能转化为有效需求,供给端的堵点在于技术不能满足农户需求;农户生产习惯和生态知识、技术的可获得性能促进其还田意愿向行为转化;在高群体一致性组别,技术的可获得性和生态知识正向调节农户意愿—行为的关系,而在低群体一致性组别,生产习惯正向调节意愿和行为的关系。因此,从秸秆还田供给侧出发,基于农业农村农户实际情况优化秸秆还田技术,实现精准服务是推动秸秆还田的关键步骤。同时,创新宣传内容与方法,找准农户差异优化生产习惯,提高农户生态知识水平,加大基础设施建设,改善机械作业条件亦是实现秸秆还田供需匹配的必要举措。

The inconsistency of farmers’willingness to return straw and adoption behavior restricts the promotion of straw returning technology.Based on MOA extension model,this paper unifies the subjective cognition and external conditions of farmers within an analytical framework,and analyzes the dual drive effect of ability and opportunity on transforming farmers’willingness to adopt the straw returning technology.It further explores the relationship between willingness and behavior,and the regulating function of ability and opportunities on willingness-behavior relationship under the Chinese culture.The findings suggest that:(1)The plight in the demand side of straw returning is the incapacity of converting farmer’s willingness to demand,and that in the supply side is the unmatch betweeen technology and farmers’needs;(2)Farmers’production habits and ecological knowledge,and the availability of technology can promote their return to the field;(3)In the high consistency group,the availability of technology and ecological knowledge positively regulate the will-action relationship of farmers,in sharp contrast to the low consistency group where production habits positively regulate willingness and behavior relationship.Therefore,the supply side is critical in promoting straw returning to the field,given optimizing straw returning technology based on the actual situation of agricultural and rural farmers.Meanwhile,government should renew ways and contents for propaganda,identify farmers’differences to optimize production,improve farmers’ecological knowledge,increase infrastructure construction,and improve mechanical working conditions so as to realize the match between supply and demand in returning fields.