中国中小乡镇天然气开发利用存在的问题及对策分析——以福建省和河南省部分乡镇为例

Problems and advices of China’s natural gas utilization in small and medium-sized towns——The case study of Fujian and Henan province

中国当前中小乡镇天然气的渗透率不足5%。中国乡镇天然气市场规模小,用气点比较分散,基础设施薄弱,用户对价格比较敏感,政府政策的影响较大。中小乡镇天然气利用的商业开发模式有整体打包开发模式、政府和社会资本合作(PPP)模式、点供模式。以福建省三明市和河南省信阳市下属的个别乡镇为例,当前天然气在中小乡镇的开发利用存在的代表性问题包括:乡镇特许经营权不明晰;用户可承受的价格不高;乡镇天然气定价还没有完全实现市场化;审批流程复杂,缺乏统一的发展规划;私人点供存在安全隐患;乡镇燃气项目的经济性较差。建议:制定乡镇天然气发展规划,推动基础设施建设;鼓励商业模式创新,全面培育市场;提高对点供模式的认知度,并给予相关政策支持;加强市场监管,完善标准规范;做好试点工作,积累市场经验。

China’s current natural gas penetration rate in small and medium-sized towns is less than 5% due to such characteristics of China’s natural gas in small and medium-sized towns as small market size, scattered gas points, weak infrastructures, sensitive price and influential government policies. The commercial development mode of natural gas utilization in small and medium-sized towns includes the overall package development mode, the public-private partnership(PPP) mode, and the point-supply mode. Taking Sanming of Fujian province and Xinyang of Henan province as examples, representative problems existing in the development and utilization of natural gas in small and medium-sized towns include unclear township franchise, low affordable prices of users, the township natural gas pricing with low market-oriented, complicated approval process, and no unified development plan, security risks in private points supply, and poor economy of township gas project. The paper suggests to making the township natural gas development plan to promote infrastructure construction, encouraging the innovation of business model, cultivating the market comprehensively, improving the awareness of point supply model, giving relevant policy support, strengthening market supervision, improving standards and norms, focusing on pilot work, and accumulating market experience.