春秋笔法与讽语耦合之修辞滥觞

The Interconnection of the Style of The Spring and Autumn Annals and Irony in Rhetorics

自虞舜而至西周,古诗作为讽语的载体存续千余年。春秋时期,周王权衰落而至礼崩乐坏,孔子笔削鲁国旧史作《春秋》,创建春秋笔法寓存微言大义而成为教化新文本,将弦歌讽喻之声的古诗讽语功能,演化为"属辞比事"之文章修辞。"属辞"强调以辞意统领事件记述的视角、情节与详略的取舍;"比事"重在事件类情之比,以及连类生情之比。在聘问歌咏衰亡之后,春秋笔法成为讽语的载体,开启文章修辞学之滥觞。

From ancient times of the Emperor Shun(ruled from about 2256 B.C.to 2205 B.C.)to the Western Zhou Dynasty(1046 B.C.-771 B.C.),Chinese classic poems had been used to express irony for over a thousand years.At the end of the Spring and Autumn period(approximately 771 B.C.-476 B.C.),the ritual decline and royal power collapse prompted Confucius to compose The Spring and Autumn Annals noted for its sublime words with profound meanings.It not only inherited the educational function of irony from poetry,but also created a rhetoric form characterized by "recording history through related events in indirect and condensed composition".This style emphasized the choice of perspective,plot and details in narrating,and focused on the similarity and contrast of two or more events.After the poetry and ritual between countries had declined,the composition style of The Spring and Autumn Annals became a new embodiment of irony and marked the founding of rhetorics in ancient China.