话语变迁与概念重塑——从文体角度考察《中庸》升格

Changes in Discourse and Remodeling of Concepts: A study on the ascending motion of Zhongyong from a stylistic perspective

《中庸》升格是一场以概念重塑为实质的思想运动。从唐到宋,《中庸》的言说文体依次经历了汉唐注疏体、唐宋论说文、宋人笔记体三种主要类型。汉唐注疏体以"礼"为统,随文释义,不能自由言说概念;唐宋论说文可以自由言说概念,但在经世致用倾向影响下,其话语特征以命题为中心,对概念辨析形成牵制;宋人笔记体为概念重塑提供了最自由且最恰当的话语载体,《中庸》的独特思想价值遂得以凸显。此后,宋代《中庸》言说史呈现出注疏体、论说文、笔记体互补发展的局面,三者的话语特征也在交融中不断变化。从文体角度考察文本、命题、概念,或可成为唐宋思想史研究的新路径。

The ascending motion of Zhongyong(The Doctrine of Mean)essentially relies on the remodeling of concepts.From the Tang Dynasty(618 A.D.-907 A.D.)through the Song Dynasty(960 A.D.-1297 A.D.),the stylistic forms of explaining Zhongyong shifted in three types:annotation,argumentation and note.The annotations before the mid-Tang period mainly explained Zhongyong from the perspective of rites and attached importance to the interpretation of words and sentences.The argumentations during the Tang and Song Dynasties laid emphasis on analysis of concepts,in which some practical and political propositions were discussed,but some key concepts could not be fully explored.The notes written by scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty(960 A.D.-1127 A.D.)provided the best stylistic form to discuss about those key concepts freely and richly,among which some outstanding works helped discover the unique ideological value of Zhongyong.After that,scholars in the Song Dynasty might choose any of the three stylistic forms to express their own opinions about this text.These forms themselves also influence each other and develop together in the process.Exploring texts,propositions and concepts from the stylistic perspectives may provide a new way in the research of the ideological history in the Tang and Song Dynasties.