哺乳动物手工克隆的研究进展

Research Progress on Handmade Cloning in Mammalian

体细胞核移植技术(Somatic cell nuclear transfer,SCNT)基本上分为传统克隆(Traditional cloning,TC)和手工克隆(Handmade cloning,HMC)。虽然随着SCNT的推进,科研人员已经利用TC成功克隆出多种动物,但这种方法需要使用昂贵的显微操作仪,并且克隆效率较低。因此,TC逐渐被新方法HMC替代,HMC是一种通过手工操作将体细胞与两个去核的半卵母细胞融合、激活,并在培养系统中培养后产生胚胎的方法。HMC不仅操作程序简单、不需要显微操作仪、成本较低,还可以提高囊胚率,使克隆技术向生产应用又迈进了一大步。主要对HMC的操作程序、表观遗传重编程异常和HMC重编程异常修复进行了综述,并对HMC进行了展望,以期能够更好地将其应用到生产中去。

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer(SCNT)is basically classified into Traditional Cloning(TC)and Handmade Cloning(HMC).With the development of SCNT,although a variety of animals have been successfully cloned using conventional cloning,the method needs using an expensive micromanipulator and the cloning efficiency is less.Therefore,the TC is gradually replaced by the new method HMC that is fusing the somatic cell and two enucleated half cytoplasts together and activating by manual operation rather than using micromanipulator,and the fusing cell is cultured in a culture system to produce embryos.HMC not only has simple operation procedures and lower cost,but also increases blastocyst rate,bringing cloning technology to production in another big step.This paper reviews the operating procedures of HMC and the anomalies of epigenetic reprogramming as well as the repair of abnormal HMC reprogramming.In addition,the HMC has been prospected in order to better apply it to production.