基于CRISPR/Cas系统的生物传感策略研究进展

Research Progress of Biosensing Strategy Based on CRISPR/Cas System

CRISPR/Cas9系统是继锌指核酸内切酶、类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶之后的第三代基因组定点编辑工具,因其具有特异性切割双链DNA的能力,被广泛应用于基因编辑、生物传感等领域。Cas12a(Cpf1)、Cas13a(C2c2)等蛋白"附属切割"活性的发现,拓展了CRISPR/Cas系统在生物传感中的应用。近年来,研究人员开发出一系列快速、超敏、高特异性的生物传感系统用于分子检测,如SHERLOCK,DETECTR等。本文主要综述了基于CRISPR/Cas系统的生物传感策略的研究进展,并展望了其未来发展的方向。

CRISPR/Cas9 system is the third generation of genome editing tools after zinc finger endonuclease and transcription activatorlike effector nuclease.Because of its ability to cut double-stranded DNA,CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely used in gene editing and biosensing.With the“collateral cleavage”activity of Cas12a(Cpf1)and Cas13a(C2c2)proteins discovered,the application of CRISPR/CAS system in biosensor has been expanded.In recent years,researchers have developed a series of fast,ultrasensitive and highly specific biosensor for molecular detection,such as SHERLOCK and DETECTR.This review mainly reports the research progress of new biosensors based on CRISPR/CAS system,and prospects its future development.