大规模土地确权:非洲的失败与亚洲的成功

SystematicLand Title Registration:Failure in Africa and Success in Asia?

通过构建一个包括全球近200个国家和地区的数据库并进行系统分析,总结归纳大规模土地确权的失败教训和成功经验。目前全球仍有约一半的发展中国家缺乏正规的地权制度,已实施确权的发展中国家颁证率大多低于50%。失败教训表现为,传统习俗地权制度的冲突、农民认知及支持不足、确权分配不公导致确权需求不足;基础设施建设落后、实施执行不力、配套制度建设未跟上造成确权有效供给缺乏。成功经验表现为,国家能力建设和充分的前期准备是关键,地方政府的有力执行和顺势调整是保障,广大农民确权认知的加强和支持是基石。制定更为清晰合理的确权目标,采用更加适应当地情况的多样化确权方式,做好法律和组织建设等前期工作,探索城乡建设用地统一市场和农地信贷市场建设,有利于我国确权工作的顺利进行和最终成功。

By constructing a database covering nearly 200 countries in the world and making systematic analysis, the failure lessons and successful experiences of large-scale land right registration are summarized.At present, half of the developing countries lack formal land rights system, and the ratio of issuing certificates is less than 50%. Lessons learned from the failure:(1) Influences and conflicts from customary land tenure systems, inadequate cognition and support of farmers and the unequal distributionlead to scant demand;(2) Backward infrastructure construction, poor implementation and enforcement and the shortage of supporting facilitiesresult in the lack of supply. Successful experience:(1) National capacity building and adequate preparation are the key;(2) Strong implementation by local governments and homeopathy adjustment are the guarantee;(3)The strengthening and support of farmers’ right determination are the cornerstone.Therefore, it is suggested toformulate more definite and rational targets, adopt diversified methods suitable forlocal conditions, makelegal and organizational preparations ahead,explorethe establishment of unified urban and rural construction land market and farmland credit market.