中国人口老龄化与养老体系建设

China’s Population Aging and the Construction of the Old-Age System

我国已初步建立多支柱养老金体系和多层次养老服务体系,但仍面临一系列问题与挑战。其中,养老金体系面临的核心问题是结构不均衡,挑战是财务不可持续;养老服务体系面临的核心问题是发展不平衡、不充分,挑战是高质量的养老服务供给不足。基于此,文章在借鉴国际经验的基础上,针对养老金体系提出以结构性改革为主、参量改革为辅的改革思路,重构三支柱养老金体系,实现养老金体系的健康、可持续发展;针对养老服务体系,提出以居家养老为基础、社区服务为依托、机构养老为补充的基础建设的完善之路,也提出促进社会力量参与、推动养老产业发展,完善养老服务监管体系的外部条件。

China has initially established a multi-pillar pension system and a multilevel pension service system, but it still faces a series of problems and challenges. Among them, the core problem facing the pension system is structural imbalance, and the challenge is financial unsustainability;the core problem facing the pension service system is unbalanced and inadequate development, and the challenge is high-quality pension service supply. Based on this, this paper draws lessons from international experience, puts forward the idea of structural reform, supplemented by parameter reform, reconstructs the three-pillar pension system, and realizes the healthy and sustainable development of the pension system. In view of the old-age service system, this paper puts forward the perfect train of thought of the foundation construction based on home pension, community service and institutional pension, and puts forward the external conditions to promote the participation of social forces, promote the development of pension industry and improve the oversight system of pension services.