冰川表面冰尘洞内病毒研究进展

Advance in researches of virus in cryoconite on glacier surface

病毒在驱动生态系统高生物多样性形成以及生态系统营养物和有机物的循环过程中均发挥着重要的作用。冰川洞作为冰冻圈微生物活动的热点,为病毒提供了特殊的生存环境,驱使病毒产生了生存与适应机制。通过综述国际上近些年来关于冰川表面冰尘洞内病毒的主要研究成果,内容涉及冰尘洞在冰川生态系统中的重要性,冰尘洞内病毒的丰度与生产力,冰尘洞内病毒的遗传多样性,病毒与宿主的相互作用关系,以及病毒对于冰尘洞碳循环和食物网的重要性。此外,还总结了当前冰尘洞内病毒研究存在的空白:形态多样性、降解率、分离培养、冰川表面散落冰尘内病毒,指出了未来研究需要重点关注的几个方面,为进一步研究病毒对于冰尘洞生态系统的重要影响提供科学参考,并且对青藏高原冰川表面冰尘洞内病毒未来的研究提出了展望。

Viruses play an important role in driving the formation of high biodiversity of ecosystems and the cycling of nutrients and organic matter in ecosystems.As a hot spot of microbial activity in cryosphere,cryoconite holes provide a special habitat for viruses,which drives viruses to survive and adapt to extremely cold habitats.This review presents some of the findings and discussions of viruses in the cryoconite holes on the surface of glaciers in recent years,which relate to the importance of cryoconite holes in the glacial ecosystems,the abundance,productivity and genetic diversity of viruses in cryoconite holes,the interaction between viruses and hosts,and the importance of viruses for the carbon cycle and food web of cryoconite holes.Moreover,this review summarizes the gaps in the current research on viruses in cryoconite holes:viral morphological diversity,viral degradation rate,isolation and culture,and the viruses in cryoconite on glacier surface.This article points out several aspects which need to be focused on in future research,and offers a reference for the further study of the important effects of viruses in cryoconite holes.Based on the former studies,it is put forwards a future prospect of the research on the viruses in cryoconite holes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.