典型深度贫困县贫困格局及影响因素分析——以海伦市为例

Poverty pattern and influencing factors in typical deep poverty-stricken counties:A case study of Hailun City in Heilongjiang Province

深度贫困县是实施精准扶贫工作的重点区域,客观分析深度贫困县贫困格局及其影响因素,可以为制定扶贫策略提供科学依据。论文以黑龙江省海伦市为研究区,基于空间分析和数理统计方法,探索以贫困村和贫困人口为核心的贫困格局及其影响因素。结果表明:①作为深度贫困县,海伦市贫困村和贫困人口均具有不平衡性,贫困村和贫困人口格局既具有关联性,又具有差异性;②海伦市贫困村集中分布在150~250 m地形过渡地带,呈现多核心带状式分布态势;③海伦市贫困人口分布格局是自然因素与人文因素综合作用的结果,自然地理及农业生产、农村基础设施及社会福利因素是直接影响贫困人口分布格局的关键因素。建议从加强农业农村基础设施建设、提升抵御自然灾害能力,加快种植业结构调整和布局优化、提升农村产业发展水平,提升社会保障水平、降低致贫返贫风险,优化居民点体系、推动乡村各类要素的空间重组、结构重塑、功能重调等方面加强精准扶贫和乡村振兴工作。

Deep poverty-stricken counties are the key areas for targeted poverty alleviation, and objective analysis of the poverty pattern and influencing factors in these areas can provide a scientific basis for developing the tactics of poverty relief. This study applied spatial analysis and mathematical statistics methods to explore the poverty pattern and influencing factors of Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province, by taking poverty villages and poverty population as the focus. The results show that: 1) As a deep poverty-stricken county, Hailun’s poverty villages and poverty population are unbalanced, and their spatial patterns are related and different. 2) The poverty villages of Hailun City centralize in the terrain transition zone of 150-250 m, presenting a multi-core zonal distribution pattern. 3) The distribution pattern of poverty population in Hailun results from the joint effects of natural and human factors. Physical geographic conditions, agricultural production, rural infrastructure,and social welfare are key factors. In order to strengthen targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, it is important to strengthen agricultural infrastructure and improve the ability of resisting natural hazards and disasters;accelerate planting structure adjustment and layout optimization and improve rural industrial development level;improve social insurance level and reduce the risks of causing and returning to poverty;optimize settlement system and promote space reorganization, restructuring, and functional readjustment of various key rural factors.