脑卒中吞咽障碍留置胃管患者拔管前评估方法的研究进展

Research progress on evaluation methods of indwelling gastric tube before extubation in patients with dysphagia que to cerebral stroke

吞咽功能障碍是脑卒中后常见的症状。因此,为保证患者的营养需求及维持患者的胃肠道功能,医护人员常使用留置胃管来提供患者所需的食物和水分,但长时间留置胃管,往往会使误吸肺炎等各种并发症的发生率升高,严重影响患者疾病的转归和预后。因此,早期安全的拔管就显得非常重要。目前已有许多研究者使用部分吞咽功能评估方法来判断胃管的拔管时机,但尚未得到统一的标准,而吞咽功能还有许多的评估方法,可以用来作为胃管的拔管指征,现对目前已有的各种评估方法进行综述,并提出自己的想法。

Dysphagia is a common symptom after cerebral stroke.Therefore,in order to ensure the nutritional needs of patients and maintain the gastrointestinal function of patients,doctors and nurses often use indwelling gastric tube to provide food and water for patients.However,prolonged indwelling gastric tube often increases the incidence of various complications such as aspiration pneumonia,which seriously affects the prognosis of patients.Thus,early safe extubation is very important.At present,many researchers have used partial swallowing function assessment method to judge the timing of gastric tube extubation,but no unified standard has been found.There are many methods to evaluate the swallowing function,which may be used as the indication of gastric tube extubation.This article reviews the existing evaluation methods,and puts forward its own ideas.