新生儿窒息危险因素调查分析

Condition survey and analysis of risk factors of neonatal asphyxia

目的对2152例新生儿的窒息情况进行调查,分析其危险因素,为新生儿窒息的防治提供参考。方法选取2017年7月至2018年12月出生的新生儿2152例,将出现新生儿窒息的91例患儿作为观察组,其余2061例新生儿为对照组,设计专用调查表格采集与新生儿窒息相关的信息,比较不同组间新生儿窒息发生率,对筛选出的有意义的因素进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果新生儿窒息发生率为4.23%(91/2152);单因素分析显示,筛选出有意义的变量为12个,分别为低出生体重、早产儿、产妇年龄、妊娠期贫血、系统围产期保健、胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水量、羊水性状、脐带绕颈、剖宫产、胎位和产程,回归分析结果显示影响新生儿窒息的因素,比值比(OR)从大到小依次为胎儿宫内窘迫(OR=3.327)、羊水性状异常(OR=2.909)、早产(OR=2.155)和妊娠期贫血(OR=1.753)。结论新生儿窒息与多种因素有关,临床应针对这些因素,提前做好各项应对措施,加强妊娠期保健及产前检查工作,以降低新生儿窒息的发生,保障母婴健康。

Objective To investigate the neonatal asphyxia status of 2152 newborns,and analyze the risk factors in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of neonatal asphyxia.Methods A total of 2,152 neonates born were enrolled,in whom,the 91 neonates with neonatal asphyxia were enrolled as observation group,and the other 2,061 neonates were enrolled as control group.The special questionnaires were designed to collect the information related with neonatal asphyxia.Chi-square test was used to compare the incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia between the two groups,and the significative factors screened out were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results The incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia was 4.23%(91/2,152).By single factor analysis,12 significant variables were screened out,which were low birth weight,premature infant,puerpera age,pregnancy anemia,systemic perinatal health care,fetal distress,amniotic fluid volume,amniotic fluid character,umbilical cord around neck,cesarean section,fetal position and stages of labor.Regression analysis showed that the factors affected neonatal asphyxia,and the odds ratio(OR)was in order(from great to small)was fetal distress(OR=3.327),abnormal character of amniotic fluid(OR=2.909),premature birth(OR=2.155)and gestational anemia(OR=1.753).Conclusion Neonatal asphyxia is related to many factors.It is necessary to aim directly at these factorsto make various coping measures in advance,and to strengthen prenatal health care and prenatal examination so as to reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia and ensure the health of mothers and infants.