世界赛加羚羊种群现状及保护管理对策

Global Population Status and Conservation Strategy of Saiga tatarica

赛加羚羊(Saiga tatarica)栖息于干旱草原和半荒漠地区,目前仅分布于蒙古、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、土库曼斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦等国。赛加羚羊目前有2个亚种,即指名亚种S.tatarica tatarica和蒙古亚种S.tatarica mongol。赛加羚羊角在传统医学中被认为有很高的药用价值,很多不法分子对赛加羚羊进行违法猎捕;由于人类侵占,赛加羚羊的适宜栖息地面积逐渐减少甚至破碎化;野生赛加羚羊种群由于疾病等原因还会不定期暴发大规模死亡事件;自然环境的变化以及人类活动的影响等因素共同导致了赛加羚羊数量的急剧下降。文中从赛加羚羊的分布数量、栖息地破碎化现状及各国对赛加羚羊制定的保护措施等方面介绍赛加羚羊相关情况,以期为赛加羚羊种群复壮及科学管理提供参考。

Saiga tatarica inhabits arid grasslands and semi-desert areas and is currently only found in Mongolia,Kazakhstan,Russia,Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.There are two subspecies,i.e.,S.tatarica tatarica and S.tatarica mongol.Their horn is considered to have high medicinal value in traditional medicine,which is the reason why they are illegally hunted.Human inventions damage and fragment the suitable habitats of S.tatarica,while wild S.tatarica population periodically suffers from large-scale deaths due to diseases and other reasons.The changes in natural environment plus human activities have led to the drastic decline of S.tatarica population.This paper introduces the distribution,habitat fragmentation and protection measures of S.tatarica around the world in order to provide references for their population rejuvenation and science-based management.