安宁疗护体系发展中的政府与社会：基于英美经验的比较分析

State and Society in the Development of Hospice Care: A Comparative Study of UK and US

安宁疗护包含一系列疾病诊治和照护服务内容,是医疗卫生体系和社会照顾体系的重要组成部分。发展安宁疗护有助于提升生命质量,还能节约卫生支出、推动合理生死观的形成。政社合作则是安宁疗护体系发展的重要动力。本文系统回顾英、美两国在建设安宁疗护体系过程中政府与社会的合作模式,并展示两者合作如何影响安宁疗护体系的侧重内容和发展走向。通过对英美经验的展示和总结,可以为处于起步阶段的中国安宁疗护体系提供发展借鉴。

Hospice Care covering a series of disease diagnosis and treatment services is an important part both of the health system and the social care system.The development of hospice care not only helps to improve the quality of health care,but also saves health expenditures and promotes the formation of a reasonable concept of life and death.It also plays a vital role in the modern health service system.Multi-participations and cooperation among government and social actors are required in constructing the hospice care system.This paper explores the cooperative governance model of hospice care both in the United Kingdom and the United States.It endeavors to show the roles and strategies of the state and social participants and examines their effects on the development of hospice care system respectively.It finds that both the state and social actors need to maintain their autonomy while playing complementary role in the hospice governance.This research could provide a reference for the development of Chinese hospice care system.