中国气候变化政策工具类型及其作用——基于中央层面政策文本的分析

The Types and Functions of China’s Climate Change Policy Instruments:Based on an Analysis of Central-level Policy Texts

气候变化政策工具作为实现气候政策目标的手段,对气候变化治理和政策执行效果起到至关重要的作用。本文通过搜集中央层面于1978-2018年颁布的与气候变化问题相关的政策文本,进行筛选与逐条编码,得到305条文本条款,采用内容分析法,从气候变化政策工具类型与适用领域2个维度、7个具体适用领域分别进行阐述。研究发现,三种政策工具中,混合型政策工具的使用频率最高;在政策工具适用领域中,森林和林业领域的相关政策数量最多。针对这个现象,本文提出相应的政策建议:要均衡使用各种政策工具,适当提高自愿型和强制型政策工具的比重,提升生态环境领域政策工具在应对气候变化问题中的作用。

As the major means to realize climate change objectives,climate change policy instruments play a crucial role in effective climate change governance and policy implementation.Through collecting the policy texts relating to climate change issues promulgated by the central government from 1978 to 2018,this paper selects and codes them one by one,and then obtains 305 text terms.With the content analysis method,the paper processes respectively from two dimensions of climate change policy instrument type and application field,and 7 concrete application fields.Results show that the mixed instruments are the most frequently used among three policy instruments,and the number of the forest policies is the most among all the application fields of policy instruments.Aiming at this phenomenon,the paper puts forward policy recommendations:the application of different policy instruments should be balanced,the proportion of voluntary and mandatory policy instruments should be appropriately raised and the usage of ecological environmental policy instruments should be promoted.