肠道共生菌在弓形虫感染过程中的作用研究进展

The Research Progress on the Role of Gut Commensal Bacteria Response to Toxoplasma gondii Infection

食入弓形虫卵囊和包囊是动物和人类感染弓形虫的主要途径,弓形虫进入小肠引发Th1细胞免疫反应和肠内稳态失调,诱导潘氏细胞呈IFN-γ依赖性缺失,出现共生菌菌群组成改变和细菌易位,引起肠道急性炎症反应,加剧弓形虫的感染和入侵。而无菌小鼠感染弓形虫后,肠道病理损伤轻微,且小鼠存活时间较长。此外,部分肠道共生菌在弓形虫感染过程中发挥分子佐剂的作用,和黏膜免疫共同维持免疫系统平衡防御病原入侵。可见,在弓形虫感染过程中,弓形虫感染进程、潘氏细胞缺失程度和肠道共生菌失调三者之间是相互促进的。该文就肠道共生菌与弓形虫感染的相关研究进行综述。

Ingestion of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts or cysts is the main pathway for infection of T.gondii in animals and humans.T.gondii enters the small intestine to initiate Th1 cellular immune response and intestinal dysbiosis,and induces Paneth cell loss,the changes of composition of commensal bacteria and translocation causing an acute inflammatory response in the intestine and increasing the infection and invasion of T.gondii.However,after germ-free mice infected with T.gondii,intestinal pathological damage is milder and the mice maintain a longer survival time.In addition,some gut commensal bacteria play a molecular adjuvant role in the infection of T.gondii.The commensal bacteria and mucosal immunity maintain the balance of immune system to defense against pathogen microbiota invasion.During the infection of T.gondii,the process of infection,the degree of Paneth cell loss and the process of gut commensal dysbacteria are mutually promoted.This paper reviews the related researchs on intestinal commensal bacteria and infection of T.gondii.