足球运动的跨文化迁移:以德国和阿根廷为背景

The Intercultural Transfer of Football: the Contexts of Germany and Argentina

体育历史学家很少关注现代体育比如足球运动如何从其发源地迁移至世界的其他文化。尽管现在公认足球起源于19世纪的英国公学,但这项运动如何转变为现代德国足球和现代阿根廷足球却鲜为人知。运用跨文化迁移的模型,研究足球运动从英国公学到德国和阿根廷中学的迁移过程。足球运动的兴起和向世界各地的迁移和传播得益于教师和学生,因为足球作为教育改革的一种新兴手段,可以取代强调纪律的传统教学方法。在足球运动中,纪律的训练并非来自教师等外部力量,而是来自于对比赛规则的遵守。而且,足球运动鼓励队员通过团队合作取得胜利,让中产阶级家庭的孩子可以了解资本主义市场的运作机制。将足球引入都市文化也是社会卫生保健的一大议题,许多足球运动的倡导者也参与了关于提升现代城市生活质量的社会改革讨论中。

Historians of sport have paid little attention to the ways in which modern sports such as football were transferred from its place of origin to receiving cultures around the globe. While it is recognized that this ball game emerged in 19 th-century English public schools,little is known about the transformations this game underwent in becoming modern-day German football and modern-day Argentine football. Applying the model of intercultural transfer,my contribution will investigate the process of the transfer of this ball game from English public schools to German and Argentine high schools. The emergence of football and its transfer across the world was carried out by teachers and students and it was part of educational reform since this game offered an alternative to the traditional ways of imposing discipline. Discipline did not come from an outside force such as the teacher but from the rules of the game. This game,further,encouraged team work in order to achieve victory and offered sons of middle-class families an introduction into the mechanisms of the capitalist market. The introduction of soccer into urbanizing cultures was also part of social hygiene debates and many of the protagonists of this game were also involved in social reform debates about improving the quality of living in modern cities.