自治、他治、善治:体育治理路向何方

Autonomy,Heteronomy,Good Governance: Where is the Way of Sport Governance

通过文献资料法和实地考察法,对比分析体育自治、体育他治、体育善治的内涵与特征,意在探讨体育治理的路向。体育自治强调软法治体、精英治体;体育他治坚持运动员的人本属性和体育组织的社会属性,强调一般法理原则的普世性;而体育善治是坚持体育仲裁、坚守一般法理原则的体育自治。未来何去何从?按照体育治理"道德自律→监督规范→法律制度"的层次态演进,我国体育组织需在体育法治的框架下探索政府主导、多方参与的协同治理模式,依据体育组织章程细化内部准则、净化自治规则,完善内部治理制度与外部法治体系的契合,推进体育组织治理的规范化、透明化、法治化,核心是自治与他治、软法与硬法的有机结合和良性互动,在均衡自治与他治、兼顾硬法与软法过程中,实现体育善治。

By the methods of document literature and on-the-sport investigation,we have contrasted and analyzed the connotation and feature of sports autonomy,sports heteronomy,and good sports governance,aiming to point out the road of sports governance. Sports autonomy emphasizes sports by soft law,and sports by elite administration.Sports heteronomy sticks to athletics humane attribute and sports organizational social attribute,and emphasizes the universality of general legal principle. Good sports governance sticks to sports arbitrate and sports autonomy of general legal principle. What course to follow in the future? The sports organizations of China need to explore the cooperation governing model of government leading,multi-participation,under the sports legal framework,according to the sports good governing state level evolution of moral self-discipline,supervision and specification,and legal system. According to sports articles of association,we should detail internal criterion,purify autonomy rules,and complete the correspondence of internal governance system and outer rules of law system;advance the normalization,hyalinization and legalization of sports organizational governance. The core is organic bond and benign interaction of autonomy and heteronomy,soft law and hard law,which means that in the process of balanced autonomy and heteronomy,considering soft law and hard law,sports can achieve good governance.