绵羊肺炎支原体感染的诊断和防治技术研究进展

Advances on Diagnosis and Prevention of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Infection on Sheep and Goats

绵羊肺炎支原体(Mo)是引起绵羊和山羊支原体性肺炎的主要病原之一,呈世界性分布,给世界羊养殖业带来巨大经济损失。Mo的检测方法主要有3类:一是病原分离鉴定法,分离率低;二是分子生物学方法,包括PCR方法、LAMP方法、降落PCR-侧向层析快速检测方法、DNA探针技术,分子生物学方法是目前检测致病性支原体最为常用的方法;三是免疫学检测方法,包括间接血凝方法、ELISA方法、免疫组织化学及间接免疫荧光。Mo的防治主要是疫苗和药物治疗,目前临床用的疫苗主要以灭活疫苗为主,基因工程疫苗是未来的发展趋势;Mo的治疗主要包括抗生素治疗、中药治疗、中西医结合治疗,近几年有报道称免疫防御分子对Mo患病羊有免疫调节和治疗作用,为Mo引起的肺炎的治疗提供了新方向。本文对Mo感染的流行病学、诊断方法、防治方法及疫苗研究进行了系统综述,以期为我国羊支原体性肺炎的研究和防治提供参考。

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae(Mo)is one of the main pathogens that causes mycoplasmal pneumonia in sheep and goats.The worldwide disease brings great economic loss to the industry.Currently,3 detecting methods are commonly used for the disease.One applies the pathogen isolation and identification,but the isolation rates tend to be low.The second is the most popular molecular biology method.It employs PCR,LAMP,rapid touchdown PCR-lateral flow assay,or DNA probe technology for the diagnosis.The third one is the immunological detection by indirect hemagglutination,ELISA,immunohistochemistry or indirect immunofluorescence.The disease control largely relies on the vaccination and drug treatment.At present,inactivated vaccines are available,and various genetically engineered vaccines are being developed.The drug treatments of the infection include the uses of antibiotics,traditional Chinese medicine,and combination of traditional Chinese and western medicines.In recent years,the immune defense molecules were reported to show immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects on mycoplasmal pneumonia in sheep and goats.It is postulated to be a new approach for treating the disease.This article reviews the epidemiology,diagnosis,treatments,and research on vaccines of Mo infection.