从新中国初期20年新年画创作看美术大众化实践

Viewing the Practice of Popularization of Fine Arts from the Creation of New Year Paintings in the Early Period of New China

新年画运动作为新中国成立初期由官方倡导、普及全国的美术运动,它的出现和发展有历史必然性,基于新中国初期的国际国内环境,新年画创造了鲜明的图式特征,在发展的过程中逐渐程式化,并渗透进其他画种。作为美术大众化的重要实践,新年画通过充分调动艺术工作者、群众的参与配合,更新艺术的内容和形式,确立了新中国初期鲜明的时代特色。新中国初期的新年画创作一方面承担政治宣教意义,展现国家发展新图景,对外彰显和平姿态;另一方面树立新时代艺术官方样式,并影响其他美术种类,共同营造“单纯明朗而有力量”的时代图景。新年画在发展中不可回避的缺点也给当今艺术的发展敲响警钟。

As an art movement initiated by the government and popularized throughout the country in the early days of the founding of New China,the emergence and development of the New Year Painting movement had the inevitability of historical development.As an important practice of art popularization,New Year's Painting has established the distinct characteristics of the times in the initial stage of PRC by fully mobilizing the cooperation of artists and the masses and renewing the content and form of art.On the one hand,the creation of New Year's paintings in that time assumed the significance of political propaganda,displayed a new prospect of national development,encouraged the masses,strengthened national identity,and demonstrated a peaceful attitude to the outside world;On the other hand,it established the official style of art in the new era,influenced other art types simultaneously,and jointly created a"simple,clear and powerful"vision of the era.A profound understanding of these is also the significance of our reviewing history.