70年中国高校招生标准变迁述论

New China at 70: Changes of College Admission Criteria

中华人民共和国成立70年来,高校招生标准的变迁主要体现在平衡高等教育导向与高中教育导向、兼顾学业因素与非学业因素、兼容统一性因素与特殊性因素三个维度。高校招生标准三个维度的阶段划分在时间上大体一致,1977年高考制度恢复之前为第一阶段,2014年启动新一轮高考改革之后为第三阶段,两个时间节点之间为第二阶段。高校招生标准在三个维度均呈现出从正到反再到合的演变规律,分别经历了高等教育导向、高中教育导向、平衡教育导向三个阶段,学业因素与政治因素博弈、过于依赖学业因素面临严峻挑战、系统整合学业因素与非学业因素三个阶段,统一性因素与特殊性因素“共处”、博弈、兼容三个阶段。

Over the 70 years since the founding of new China,the changes of college admission criteria are mainly reflected in three dimensions:balancing the orientation of higher education and high school education,considering both academic and non-academic factors,combining both unity factors and particularity factors.The stage division roughly corresponds to the three dimensions in college admission criteria.The first stage is the period before the resumption of college entrance examination system in 1977,the third stage is after the launch of a new round of college entrance examination reform in 2014,and the second stage is between the two time nodes.In the three dimensions,the college admission criteria all show the law of evolution from positive to negative and then to integration,and have respectively gone through the three stages of higher education orientation,high school education orientation and balanced education orientation;the three stages of the game between academic factors and political factors,the severe challenge coming from over dependence on academic factors,and the systematic integration of academic factors and non-academic factors;and the three stages of the coexistence,game and compatibility of unity factors and particularity factors.