西汉长安至函谷关(函谷道)军事防御要地述论

On Military Geography of Western Han Dynasty in the Region of Han Gu Pass(A Natural Barrier in the Times of Chariot Engagement)

长安至函谷关道路(“函谷道”),大体有霸上、新丰、华阴、弘农四处军事防御要地,每地都有城邑作为防御据点,“霸上”有霸陵亭和霸陵邑;新丰有新丰城、戏邑、戏和蕞(掫)城;华阴有京师仓、华阴城和麟趾塬(回溪坂);弘农有新、旧函谷关。从秦末至汉末的四次战例来看,以上四地并非全会驻军防御,在兵力不足时,防御一方会集中兵力在函谷关进行防御,在兵力较为充足时,则按照实际情况进行选择一至两处驻兵防御,只有在防御一方兵力充足时才会在四地驻兵进行梯次防御。

The road from Chang’an to Han Gu Pass(A Natural Barrier in the Times of Chariot Engagement)generally consists of four military defensive strongholds,including:Bashang,Xinfeng,Huayin and Hongnong,each of which has its own city as its defensive stronghold;“Bashang”has its own baling Pavilion and baling town;Xinfeng has its own Xinfeng City,Playtown,Playtown and Xiaocheng city;Huayin has its own jingshicang,Huayin City and linzhiyuan(huixiban);Hongnong has its own new and old Hanguguan.According to the four wars from the end of Qin Dynasty to the end of Han Dynasty,the above four places are not the garrison defense of the whole session.When the strength is insufficient,the defense side will concentrate on the defense of Han Gu Pass.When the force is sufficient,one or two garrisons will be selected according to the actual situation.Only when the strength of the defense side is sufficient,the garrison in the four places will carry out the echelon defense.