不同覆盖方式下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸对温度变化的响应

Responses of soil respiration to temperature under different mulching modes in a dryland corn field

为探明不同农田管理措施下增温对土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响,基于9年田间定位试验,对秸秆覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(FM)和无覆盖对照(CK)3种管理方式下的土壤样品进行了为期60 d的室内恒温培养,培养温度分别为15、25和35℃,对土壤呼吸速率进行动态监测。结果表明:在整个培养期间,土壤呼吸速率呈单峰型变化,土壤呼吸累积释放量则呈"S"型增长趋势,其中培养前30 d土壤呼吸累积释放量约占整个培养期的75%~85%。与CK相比,SM土壤呼吸累积释放量显著增加了19.4%,而FM差异不显著。与15℃相比,25和35℃条件下土壤平均呼吸速率分别增加了17.0%和36.8%,土壤呼吸累积释放量分别增加了13.1%和33.6%。覆盖方式与温度二者无交互作用。土壤呼吸变异的97.7%~99.9%可以由温度变化解释,且土壤呼吸与有机碳和全氮含量均呈显著正相关。与无覆盖对照和地膜覆盖相比,秸秆覆盖可通过增加土壤中有机质的输入促进土壤呼吸,但同时会降低土壤呼吸温度敏感性,表明在未来气候变暖背景下,黄土高原旱作农业区进行秸秆覆盖较地膜覆盖能更有效地减少土壤CO2排放。

Based on a 9-year field experiment, soil samples under straw mulching(SM), plastic film mulching(FM) and no mulching(CK) were incubated at 15, 25 and 35 ℃ for 60 d to investigate the responses of soil respiration to warming and its temperature sensitivity. The results showed that during the whole incubation period, soil respiration rate exhibited a unimodal distribution, while the cumulative soil respiration increased with an "S" curve. The cumulative soil respiration during the first 30 d accounted for about 75%-85% of total during the whole incubation period. The cumulative SM increased by 19.4% compared with CK, whereas no difference was detected between CK and FM. At 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, the mean soil respiration rate increased by 17.0% and 36.8%, and the cumulative CO2 release of soil respiration increased by 13.1% and 33.6%, respectively, compared with 15 ℃. No interaction was detected between mulching method and temperature. 97.7%-99.9% of variation in soil respiration could be explained by temperature change, with soil respiration being positively correlated with organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Compared with no mulching and plastic film mulching, straw mulching could significantly promote soil respiration by increasing the input of organic matter in the soil, but reduced the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Straw mulching rather than plastic film mulching would be more efficient at reducing CO2 emission in the Loess Plateau dryland farming area under the context of global warming.