日本和韩国液化天然气进口探析

Analysis on import of LNG in Japan and South Korea

日本、中国、韩国液化天然气(LNG)进口量分别为世界前三位。近几年,日本LNG进口量呈稳中有降的变化趋势,韩国规划大力发展天然气消费。日本、韩国的LNG接收站规模分别居全球前两位。日本和韩国在LNG接收站定位、产业链延伸、获取资源模式上存在相似性,包括投资LNG上游项目,建造并运营LNG运输船,合力布局LNG产业,但在LNG基础设施建设和商业模式方面各有特点,各自形成了独特的发展策略。面对"亚洲溢价",两国在推行区域交易中心、调整资源配置、提升买方议价能力上进行了探索与尝试。借鉴日本和韩国LNG进口模式,对中国LNG进口提出建议:鼓励国内企业参与海外LNG采购;从天然气立法角度发布国内LNG产业政策;加强交易中心建设;调配LNG采购资源池;做强LNG运输船队。

Japan,China and South Korea are the world’s top three largest importers of LNG.In recent years,Japan’s LNG import volume showed a steady trend of decline and South Korea planned to vigorously develop natural gas consumption.Japan and South Korea have the top two LNG terminals in the world,share similarities in LNG receiving station positioning,industrial chain extension and resource acquisition mode,invest in LNG upstream projects,build and operate LNG carriers,and jointly distribute LNG industry.However,each has its own characteristics in terms of LNG infrastructure construction and business model and thus has formed its own unique development strategy.Under the"Asian premium",the two countries have explored and tried to promote regional trading centers,adjust the allocation of resources,and improve the bargaining power of buyers.Drawing on the LNG import models of Japan and South Korea,this paper puts forward such suggestions for China’s LNG import as encouraging domestic enterprises to participate in overseas LNG procurement,introducing domestic LNG industry policies from the perspective of natural gas legislation,strengthening the formation of trading centers,allocating LNG resource pool,and developing the LNG transportation.