国际石油公司一体化发展现状及趋势分析

Analysis on the development and trend of integration strategy in IOCs

埃克森美孚、壳牌、BP、道达尔、雪佛龙五大国际石油公司均采用上下游产业一体化发展模式,业务、产品和服务多元化,产业链各环节协同发展,提升整体竞争力,并适时对产业链进行优化调整,主动适应能源行业发展趋势和竞争环境变化。近年来,五大公司受益于产业一体化发展,较为平稳地应对了低油价冲击,并且通过降低成本、资产优化等措施,提升了产业经营能力和质量,盈利能力对油价的依赖程度明显下降。炼油、化工等中下游业务在低油价时期表现较为稳健,受到一体化公司的重视,主要国际石油公司油气产业链进一步完善,产业发展更趋于均衡。

Five IOCs,Exxon Mobil,Shell,BP,Total,and Chevron,adopt the upstream and downstream industry integration strategy embodying as diversified businesses,products and services,which means they develop in coordination to improve the overall competitiveness,optimize and adjust the industry chain in time to actively adapt to the development trend of the energy industry and changes in the competitive environment.In recent years,the five majors effectively coped with the low oil price impact with the help of industry integration strategy,and the managing ability and quality of these companies has been improved by measures like production cost reduction and asset optimization,resulting in lower dependence of industry profitability on oil price.The downstream business like refining and petrochemical industry exhibits a great steadiness of profitability in low oil price period and becomes more attractive in these IOCs.At present,the leading IOCs improve the oil and gas industry chain and balance their industry development.