不同采收期对天麻贮藏品质的影响

Effect of Different Darvest Time on the Storage of Gastrodia elata

为探究不同采收期对天麻贮藏品质的影响,以乌天麻为试材,研究在天麻不同采收期间(采收期Ⅰ(2016/11/15)、采收期Ⅱ(2016/12/15)、采收期Ⅲ(2017/1/15)、采收期Ⅳ(2017/2/15))对其进行采收,在冷藏1±0.5℃条件下对天麻的保鲜效果。结果表明:适宜的采收期能够抑制天麻的生理代谢,延长天麻的贮藏期和维持更好的贮藏品质。过早采收的天麻营养物资积累少,贮藏后期衰老快;过晚采收的天麻成熟度高,呼吸强度旺盛,不耐贮藏,而采收期Ⅱ组和采收期Ⅲ组的天麻贮藏品质更好,能够降低天麻贮藏期的腐烂率,延缓天麻硬度、含水量、淀粉、多糖、天麻素和腺苷含量的下降,保持天麻更好的呼吸强度、PPO活性和POD活性。因此,天麻的适宜采收期为12月中旬至翌年1月中旬,并适合长期贮藏。

In order to investigate the effect of different harvest periods on the storage quality of Gastrodia elata, taking black Gastrodia elata as test material, the effects of different harvest periods(Harvest Ⅰ(2016/11/15), Harvest Ⅱ(2016/12/15), Harvest Ⅲ(2017/1/15) and Harvest Ⅳ(2017/1/15)) on the storage quality of Gastrodia elata with cold storage at 1±0.5 ℃ were studied. The results show that the suitable harvest period can inhibit the physiological metabolism of Gastrodia elata, prolong the storage period and maintain better storage quality. The early harvest of Gastrodia elata has less nutrient accumulation and faster senescence at the later stage of storage. The late harvest of Gastrodia elata has high maturity, high respiratory intensity and poor storage. However, the storage quality of Gastrodia elata in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ at harvest stage is better, which can reduce the decay rate of Gastrodia elata, delay the decrease of hardness, water content, starch, polysaccharide, gastrodin and adenosine content of Gastrodia elata, and maintain better respiratory intensity of Gastrodia elata, PPO activity and POD activity. Therefore, the suitable harvest period of Gastrodia elata is from mid-December to midJanuary of the following year, which is suitable for long-term storage.