京杭运河邵伯高邮段栖息地破碎化对狗獾种群数量分布的影响

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the population distribution of the badger(Meles meles)

栖息地破碎是生物多样性下降的主要原因之一。栖息地破碎引起的面积效应、隔离效应和边缘效应能影响动物种群的绝灭阈值、分布、多度、种间关系以及生态系统过程,最终影响动物种群的数量分布。2006年10-11月和2007年10-11月,利用全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和样方法定量分析京杭运河邵伯至高邮段狗獾栖息地破碎化程度,确定不同斑块的面积、斑块距离、斑块隔离度以及栖息地质量对斑块中狗獾数量分布的影响。结果表明,各个斑块内狗獾的洞口数、粪堆数与该斑块的面积显著的正相关(r=0.961,P=0.039;r=0.999,P=0.023),但与斑块距离、斑块隔离度无显著的相关性(P>0.05)。栖息地的质量也会影响狗獾的数量分布,多元线性逐步回归分析表明,人类干扰和与栖息地的郁闭性显著的影响狗獾的数量分布。以上结果说明,京杭运河邵伯高邮段栖息地的破碎化程度对狗獾的数量分布还没有造成显著的直接影响,但会间接降低栖息地的质量,进而影响狗獾的生存。

Habitat fragmentation is one of the main reasons for the loss of biodiversity.The area effect,isolation effect and edge effect caused by habitat fragmentation can affect the extinction threshold,distribution,abundance,interspecific relationship and ecosystem process of animal population,and ultimately affect the distribution of animal population.During the period of October–November 2006 and 2007,the effects of size,distanced and isolation of patch and habitat quality on the population amount of the badger(Mele meles)were researched at Shaobo−Gaoyou Section of the Beijing−Hangzhou Grand Canal,using the Global Positioning System(GPS),Geographic Information System(GIS)and sampling method.The result showed that the amount of setts and feces had a significantly positive correlation with patch size,respectively(r=0.961,P=0.039;r=0.999,P=0.023),while distance,isolation of patch had no significant correlation(P>0.05).Meanwhile,stepwise regression indicated that crown density of habitat and human disturbance degree significantly influenced the population of badger.Overall,the above results showed that the habitat fragmentation had no significantly direct impact on the population distribution of badger,but it would indirectly reduce the quality of habitat,thereby affecting the survival of badger.