德国职业农民培育的经验及启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Cultivating Professional Farmers in Germany

培育职业农民是解决“谁来种地”“怎样种地”问题的关键,是加速农业现代化发展的重要环节。德国以“双元制”为核心的农业职业教育体系为农业输送了大量兼具理论性与实践性的高素质农业劳动者,是德国发展现代农业的有力保障。2012年,我国“中央一号文件”首次提出“大力培育新型职业农民”,并在各地相继开展了新型职业农民培育试点工作,取得了一定的成就。但当前我国职业农民培育体系及外部保障机制尚不完善,职业农民培育工作的开展并不顺利。因此,有必要借鉴德国职业农民培训的经验,大力推进我国新型职业农民的培育。

Cultivating professional farmers is the key to solving the problem of“who will cultivate the land”and“how to cultivate the land”,and is an important link to accelerate the development of agricultural modernization.Germany’s agricultural vocational education system with“dual system”as the core has provided a large number of high-quality agricultural laborers with both theory and practice,which is a strong guarantee for the development of modern agriculture in Germany.In 2012,the“No.1 Document of the Central Government”for the first time put forward the idea of“vigorously cultivating new professional farmers”.However,the current professional farmer cultivation system and external guarantee mechanism are not perfect,and the development of professional farmer cultivation is not smooth.Therefore,it is necessary to learn from the German professional farmer training experience,vigorously promote the cultivation of new professional farmers in China.