庭前会议阶段非法证据排除方式的重构

Reconstruction of the Illegal Evidence Exclusion Method in the Pre-trial State

关于庭前会议能否排除非法证据在我国一直存在较大争议。囿于刑事诉讼法将庭前会议的功能定位为正式庭审的准备和辅助程序,导致庭前会议排除非法证据效力虚化。随着以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革的推进,为贯彻集中审理原则、提高审判效率和质量,我国庭前会议阶段的非法证据排除程序规则经历了一个嬗变过程,有限排除方式成为可能,并且具备证据准入与证据评估相分离、程序性裁判优先且相对独立、刑事诉讼公正与效率有机统一等正当性基础。因此,就证据合法性审查而言,我国应探索建立一种相对独立、具有法律效力的庭前司法审查机制,赋予法庭在庭前会议阶段有限排除非法证据的权力,尽量在庭审前解决控辩双方关于证据收集合法性的争议。

There has been a great controversy in our country about whether the pre-trial meeting can rule out illegal evidence.In the criminal procedure law,the function of the pre-trial meeting is positioned as the preparation and auxiliary procedure of the formal hearing,which leads to the pre-trial meeting to exclude the inflated effect of illegal evidence.With the reform of the criminal procedure system centered on trial,in order to carry out the principle of centralized trial and improve the efficiency and quality of trial,the rules of illegal evidence exclusion procedure in the pre-trial meeting stage have gone through a process of change,the limited exclusion method is possible,and the evidence access is separated from the evidence evaluation,the procedural decision is preferred and relatively independent.Therefore,in terms of the examination of evidence legality,China should explore the establishment of a relatively independent and legally effective pre-trial judicial review mechanism,give the court the power to exclude illegal evidence at the pre-trial session stage,and try to resolve the dispute between the prosecution and the defense on the legality of evidence collection before the trial.