崩落转充填采矿方法粗糙模糊集理论优选

Optimization from caving to filling method based on rough fuzzy set theory

某大型锡矿山长期采用组合式崩落法开采,导致多处地表崩落塌陷、地表水体贯通井下,威胁矿山深部可持续开采,为改善地采作业环境,降低贫化损失,急需开展崩落转充填采矿方法研究。针对矿山生产实际,研究选取以贫化率、损失率、生产效率、安全性、环保、成本作为采矿方法优选的主要影响指标,通过运用采矿方法评价决策表,计算各指标的重要度矩阵;在分析统计矿体形态、夹石及表外矿分布,初选充填采矿方法的基础上,运用粗糙模糊集理论,实现了崩落转充填采矿方法优选。结果表明:针对5 m≤厚度≤15 m的中厚矿体和厚度>15 m,且含夹石、表外矿多的矿体,宜选择低分段充填采矿法;针对厚度>15 m,且含夹石、表外矿少的矿体,分段空场嗣后充填采矿法优势则更为明显。所选充填采矿方法能极大地降低矿石的损失与贫化率,提高生产安全性,可为矿山深部开采提供有效的经济效益和安全技术保障,优选方法具有科学性和客观性,有较高理论与工程应用价值。

A large-scale tin mine has been exploited by combined caving method for a long time,resulting in multiple surface collapse and subsidence,and surface water penetrates underground,threatening the deep mining of the mine.In order to improve the mining environment and reduce the depletion and loss,it is urgent to carry out the study from the caving to filling method.According to the actual production of the mine,the research selects the main impact indicators of the mining method with the depletion rate,loss rate,production efficiency,safety,environmental protection and cost.By using the decision table of mining method,the importance matrix of each index is calculated.Based on the analysis of statistical ore body shape,stone and off-balance distribution,and preliminary filling mining methods,the rough fuzzy set theory is used to realize the optimization from caving to filling method.The results show that medium-thick ore bodies with 5 m≤thickness≤15 m,and ore bodies with a thickness>15 m and containing more stones and extra-surface minerals,low-segment filling mining method should be selected;for ore bodies with a thickness>15 m and containing less stones and extra-surface minerals,the advantage of sublevel open stopping with subsequent backfilling method is more obvious.The selected filling mining method can greatly reduce the loss and depletion rate of ore,improve production safety,and provide effective economic benefits and safety technical support for deep mining of mines.The method of optimization is scientific and objective,and has higher theoretical and engineering application value.