家庭领域的政治规训与伦理教化——解放区文学的家庭书写与家庭想象

Political Discipline and Ethical Education in Family Field——the Description and Imagination about Family in Literature of the Liberated Areas

在解放区文学的家庭书写中,“家”的意象作为保守、禁锢的象征,在上世纪三四十年代的政治背景下被赋予“狭隘”“自私”的新内涵,家庭成为个体追求进步的牵绊。针对个人家庭的封闭性与自利性,文学中的政治规训与伦理教化表现为两种情况:一方面是革命对家庭的消解,否定家庭观念的合法性,在革命的宏大叙事中建立超越血缘亲情的伦理关系与情感纽带。集体化的“大家庭”构建起新的公共空间,以“启蒙”“拯救”的功能性与“团结、友爱、进步”的积极色彩及其所承诺的乌托邦理想,取代了家庭对于个体的情感感召力。另一方面是革命对家庭的建构,在有关“和睦家庭”、“新式家庭”的叙事中,家庭建设被纳入现代政权建设的总体规划,国家行政力量借助组织中的个体完成意识形态对于家庭的渗透与改造。“消解—建构”的两重模式背后是现代革命与传统血缘家庭之间相生相克的复杂关系。

In the Literature of the Liberated Areas,the image of family was invested with parochialism and selfishness under the political background in the 1930s and 1940s.Family became a burden in pursuit of progress.According to occlusion and selfishness of family,the political discipline and ethical education in literature had two kinds of representation:On one hand,to deny the legitimacy of the attachment to family while establishing ethical relationship and emotional connection beyond the blood affection in the revolutionary grand narrative.The"big family"of collectivization constructs a new public space,which replaces emotional appeal from family with functions of"enlightening"and"delivering",positive significance of"solidarity,fraternity,progress"and the promised utopia ideal.On the other hand,in the narrative about"harmonious family"and"new family",the construction of family has been put into the modern regime construction plan.With the aid of individuals in organizations,the administration power has finished ideology pervasion and transformation to family.